Communication had been and will be part and parcel of everybody’s lives. It is a necessary life process. Without communication, we would not be able to do even the everyday things that we do on a daily basis. When it comes to the work, whether it’s a small family, a company, or a giant corporation, communication is the only way to run a business smoothly. Communication is information related. Without effective communication, messages can get mixed, and information can be skewed. There are basically three types of communication. They are interpersonal communication, machine-assisted communication and mass communication. In ancient Greece, the subject we now refer to as communication was called rhetoric, using language to persuade whoever was listening to do something. In Aristotle’s “The Art of Rhetoric”, we can find the roots of modern communication theories.
The growth has led to ideas from physical science and engineering, linguistics, anthropology, sociology, psychology, and philosophy being absorbed and reinterpreted as theories of
communication.Communication theories are the key to fully understanding the communication process. There have been five theorists since 1940s that came up with their models of communication. Harold Lasswell, a political scientist, came up with his model in 1948. He explained the model by “who says what to whom in what channel with what effect”. It was a very simple linear model. They were that time basically looking for effects and results. Shannon & Weaver, fathers of information theories, introduced their model in 1949. They came up with an added concept of “NOISE”, in the form of unwanted sound and disturbance. This was also a linear model with word “feedback” sill not in the picture. Schramm's First Model (1954) was an extension of Shannon’s Model. There is a source of information, an encoder, a signal, a decoder, and a destination. The goal is to establish a common ground between sender and receiver. Schramm then came up with his Second Model. Here, both source and destination of the signal are surrounded by a field of experience. It was still a linear model, with no element of “feedback”. In Schramm's Third Model, he included the importance of feedback, especially to overcome the problem of noise. If somebody does not get the feedback that is anticipated, he has to send a new message. This third model was cyclic and hence had the element of “feedback”. Then came a deviation with the Westley – MacLean Model. Instead of beginning with a source, it begins with a series of signals and events. A series of events in a given environment are collected by an advocate and combined to form a new message: a story, an advertisement, or a speech, etc. The message is given to the audience through a channel. The audience might question the advocate about the message - this questioning can be considered as feedback. Finally, Kincaid's Convergence Model came in 1976. It describes communication as a process in which participants create and share information to reach the goal of mutual understanding. Shared actions lead to a collective action, shared beliefs lead to mutual agreement, and shared understanding leads to the ultimate goal of mutual understanding.
Communication is an indispensable part of an organization and is one of the key factor for success and survival, thus it is important for an organization to have a model so that communication can take place effectively within the organization and the outside world.
The growth has led to ideas from physical science and engineering, linguistics, anthropology, sociology, psychology, and philosophy being absorbed and reinterpreted as theories of
communication.Communication theories are the key to fully understanding the communication process. There have been five theorists since 1940s that came up with their models of communication. Harold Lasswell, a political scientist, came up with his model in 1948. He explained the model by “who says what to whom in what channel with what effect”. It was a very simple linear model. They were that time basically looking for effects and results. Shannon & Weaver, fathers of information theories, introduced their model in 1949. They came up with an added concept of “NOISE”, in the form of unwanted sound and disturbance. This was also a linear model with word “feedback” sill not in the picture. Schramm's First Model (1954) was an extension of Shannon’s Model. There is a source of information, an encoder, a signal, a decoder, and a destination. The goal is to establish a common ground between sender and receiver. Schramm then came up with his Second Model. Here, both source and destination of the signal are surrounded by a field of experience. It was still a linear model, with no element of “feedback”. In Schramm's Third Model, he included the importance of feedback, especially to overcome the problem of noise. If somebody does not get the feedback that is anticipated, he has to send a new message. This third model was cyclic and hence had the element of “feedback”. Then came a deviation with the Westley – MacLean Model. Instead of beginning with a source, it begins with a series of signals and events. A series of events in a given environment are collected by an advocate and combined to form a new message: a story, an advertisement, or a speech, etc. The message is given to the audience through a channel. The audience might question the advocate about the message - this questioning can be considered as feedback. Finally, Kincaid's Convergence Model came in 1976. It describes communication as a process in which participants create and share information to reach the goal of mutual understanding. Shared actions lead to a collective action, shared beliefs lead to mutual agreement, and shared understanding leads to the ultimate goal of mutual understanding.Communication is an indispensable part of an organization and is one of the key factor for success and survival, thus it is important for an organization to have a model so that communication can take place effectively within the organization and the outside world.
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